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Tuesday, November 27, 2007

Hot Springs, Arkansas

Hot Springs is the tenth most populous city in the state of Arkansas in the United States of America, the county seat of Garland County, Arkansas, and the principal city of the Hot Springs Metropolitan Statistical Area encompassing all of Garland County. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 37,847.[1]

Hot Springs is traditionally best known for the natural spring water that gives it its name, flowing out of the ground at a temperature of 147 degrees Fahrenheit (64 degrees Celsius). Hot Springs National Park is the oldest federal reserve in the USA, and the tourist trade that the famous springs bring makes it a very successful spa town.

Hot Springs is also noted as the boyhood home of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and famed American actor Alan Ladd. Reginald Muldrew, the infamous "Pillow Case Rapist", who was linked to 200 sex crimes in the Los Angeles area from 1976 to 1978, currently resides in Hot Springs [[1]] [[2]].


Hot Springs is also home to Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred racetrack which has been in operation since 1904. The meet which is annually held from January through mid April each year is sometimes referred to as the "Fifth Season" and features the "Racing Festival of the South" during the last week of the racing season each April. Many triple crown contenders compete in the Arkansas Derby which is the big finale each year of the meet. Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, his brother Roger, and actor Billy Bob Thornton, all Hot Springs natives have been known to frequent Oaklawn Park in the past.

Along with its Bathhouse Row, one of downtown Hot Springs' most noted landmarks is the Arlington Hotel, a favored retreat for Al Capone.

Prior to the late 1960s, Hot Springs was a mecca for illegal gambling. Two Republican officeholders, Governor Winthrop Rockefeller and Circuit Judge Henry M. Britt, took action to stop the gambling.

Hot Springs was the home of prominent Democratic attorney Q. Byrum Hurst, a member of the Arkansas State Senate from 1950-1972 and the Garland County administrative judge from 1947-1950.

The Hot Springs newspaper is the Sentinel-Record, originally part of the Clyde E. Palmer chain, since renamed WEHCO.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Geography
* 2 Demographics
* 3 History & Culture
o 3.1 Natural Springs
o 3.2 Discovery & Settlement
o 3.3 Attractions
* 4 Education
o 4.1 Advanced residential statewide high school
o 4.2 Private schools
o 4.3 Public schools
* 5 Points of interest
* 6 Crime
* 7 References
* 8 External links

[edit] Geography

Hot Springs is located at [show location on an interactive map] 34°29′50″N, 93°3′19″W (34.497138, -93.055393)GR1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 85.5 km² (33.0 mi²). 85.2 km² (32.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it (0.36%) is water. Hot Springs is now a Metropolitan Statistical Area. This area also includes Hot Springs Village, a city of nearly 9,000 immediately north of Hot Springs.

[edit] Demographics

As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 35,750 people, 16,096 households, and 9,062 families residing in the city. The population density was 419.7/km² (1,086.9/mi²). There were 18,813 housing units at an average density of 220.8/km² (572.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.86% White, 16.87% Black or African American, 0.55% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. 3.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 16,096 households out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.7% are classified as non-families by the United States Census Bureau. Of 16,096 households, 690 are unmarried partner households: 580 heterosexual, 78 same-sex male, and 32 same-sex female. (Note: Stigmatization of homosexuality may prevent same-sex couples from reporting themselves as such on the US Census, especially in more conservative areas.) 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the city the population was spread out with 20.2% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,040, and the median income for a family was $32,819. Males had a median income of $25,861 versus $20,155 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,961. About 13.7% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] History & Culture
The Ozark Bathhouse, along Hot Springs' famed "Bathhouse Row"
The Ozark Bathhouse, along Hot Springs' famed "Bathhouse Row"

[edit] Natural Springs

The city takes its name from the natural thermal water that flows from 47 springs on the western slope of Hot Springs Mountain in the historic downtown district of the city. About a million gallons of 143-degree water flow from the springs each day. The rate of flow is not affected by fluctuations in the rainfall in the area. Studies by National Park Service scientists have determined through carbon dating that the water that reaches the surface in Hot Springs fell as rainfall in an as-yet undetermined watershed 4,000 years earlier. The water percolates very slowly down through the earth’s surface until it reaches superheated areas deep in the crust and then rushes rapidly to the surface to emerge from the 47 hot springs.

[edit] Discovery & Settlement

Spanish explorer Hernando DeSoto was the first European to see what Native Americans referred to as the Valley of the Vapors when he and his men reached the area in 1541. Members of many Native American tribes had been gathering in the valley for untold numbers of years to enjoy the healing properties of the thermal springs. There was agreement among the tribes that they would put aside their weapons and partake of the healing waters in peace while in the valley.[2]

In 1673 Father Marquette and Joliet explored the area and claimed it for France. The Treaty of Paris 1763 ceded the land back to Spain, however in 1800 control was returned to France until the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.

In December 1804 Dr. George Hunter & William Dunbar made an expedition to the springs, finding a lone log cabin and a few rudimentary shelters used by people visiting the springs for their healing properties. In 1807 a man named Prudhomme became the first settler of modern Hot Springs, and he was soon joined by John Perciful and Isaac Cates.

On August 24, 1818, the Quapaw Indians ceded the land around the hot springs to the United States in a treaty. After Arkansaw became its own territory in 1819, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature requested in 1820 that the springs and adjoining mountains be set aside as a federal reservation. Twelve years later, in 1832, the Hot Springs National Park was formed, granting federal protection of the thermal waters and giving Hot Springs the honor of being the first “national park” to be designated for such government protection. Hot Springs National Park was formally created in 1911.[3]

[edit] Attractions

Bathhouse Row, consisting of eight turn-of-the century structures, lies within the National Park and is supervised by the Park Service. Only one of the bathhouses, The Buckstaff, remains in operation. However, another bathhouse, the Fordyce, has been converted into a museum to give tourists a glimpse into the fascinating past of the city. The federally supervised natural thermal waters are also used for thermal bathing at several downtown hotels, health spas and the Arkansas Rehabilitation Center. The water is available free for drinking at several fountains in the downtown area.
Glass ceiling in the Fordyce Bathhouse, now the Hot Springs National Park visitor center
Glass ceiling in the Fordyce Bathhouse, now the Hot Springs National Park visitor center

The city has been a tourist mecca for generations due to the thermal waters and attractions such as Oaklawn Park, a thoroughbred racing facility; Magic Springs & Crystal Falls theme parks; a fine arts community that has earned the city the No. 4 position among “America’s Top 100 Small Arts Towns”; the Hot Springs Music Festival; and the Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, held each October at the historic Malco Theater, one of the top documentary festivals in the world, attracting numerous Academy Award winning films and producers.

Other annual events in town include the Hot Springs Jazz Festival in Sept (free) , The Hot Springs Blues Festival in Sept (free), The downtown Bathtub Races (spring), The Big Barbecue Cook off (spring and fall), the World's Shortest St. Patrick's Day Parade every March 17th, and The outdoor skating rink November through January.

Educational institutes and conventions are also important events in the Spa city. Perhaps the most popular of these events is the Hot Springs Technology Institute (HSTI) drawing over 1300 participants each June. Hot Springs is also home to the annual alternate reality game Midnight Madness, based on the movie from which it gets its name. Teams race throughout the city at night, solving clues based on difficult puzzle and physical challenges. Games last 12 hours or more, with the winning team designing next year's game.

[edit] Education

[edit] Advanced residential statewide high school

* Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, and the Arts

[edit] Private schools

* St. John Elementary School, K-8
* St. Luke's Day School, PK-2
* Lighthouse Christian School, K-12
* Gospel Light Baptist School, PK-12
* Hot Springs SDA School, PK-9
* Crossgate Christian Academy (Originally 2nd Baptist Christian School, renamed), PK-12
* Christian Ministries Academy, K-12

[edit] Public schools

* Cutter-Morning Star Elementary School, PK-6
* Cutter-Morning Star High School, 7-12

* Fountain Lake Elementary School, K-6
* Fountain Lake High School, 7-12

* Gardner Magnet School, K-5

* Hot Springs Middle School, 6-8
* Hot Springs High School, 9-12

* Oaklawn Magnet School, K-5

* Park Magnet School, K-5

* Langston Magnet School, PK-5

* Lakeside Primary School, K-1
* Lakeside Intermediate School, 2-4
* Lakeside Middle School, 5-7
* Lakeside Junior High School, 8-9
* Lakeside High School, 10-12

* Lake Hamilton Primary School, K-1
* Lake Hamilton Elementary School, 2-3
* Lake Hamilton Intermediate School, 4-5
* Lake Hamilton Middle School, 6-7
* Lake Hamilton Junior High, 8-9
* Lake Hamilton High School, 10-12

[edit] Points of interest

* Arkadelphia Aquatic Park, 30 minutes southwest
* Arkansas Alligator Farm and Petting Zoo
* Crater of Diamonds State Park
* Garvan Woodland Gardens
* Hot Springs Mountain Tower
* Hot Springs National Park
* Magic Springs and Crystal Falls
* Mid-America Science Museum[3]
* Oaklawn Park
* Dryden Pottery [4]

[edit] Crime

The Hot Springs Metropolitan Statistical area is rated as the 13th most dangerous MSA of the 344 MSA in the U.S.A. The ranking is based on actual 2005 felony statistics tabulated by Morgan-Quitno [[5]]. The average city in the top 25 most dangerous MSA has a population in excess of 1.27 million. Hot Springs is the only MSA on the most dangerous list with a population of under 100,000.

[edit] References

1. ^ Annual Estimates of the Population for All Incorporated Places in Arkansas (CSV). 2005 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (June 21, 2006). Retrieved on November 16, 2006.
2. ^ Hot Springs AR Info: Hot Springs AR History & Facts
3. ^ Hot Springs AR Info: Hot Springs AR History & Facts

[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Hot Springs, Arkansas

* City of Hot Springs • City of Hot Springs Official Website
* Discussion of political matters in City of Hot Springs • Local Grassroots watchdog group discussion
* Hot Springs Chamber of Commerce • The Greater Hot Springs Chamber of Commerce
* History of Hot Springs' Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
* Hot Springs Convention and Visitor's Bureau • Hot Springs National Park tourism & vacation information
* National Park Service, Hot Springs National Park • U.S. National Park Service website
* Hot Springs, Arkansas Community Guides • What to do and where to find it in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
* Hot Springs Arkansas Local News
* Hot Springs Travel Guide
* The Sentinel-Record • Local newspaper published in Hot Springs National Park

Coordinates: [show location on an interactive map] 34.497138° N 93.055393° W
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Categories: Garland County, Arkansas | Cities in Arkansas | Spa towns in the United States | Hot springs of Arkansas | County seats in Arkansas

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